See plough in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plough"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "plow"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "pleuch"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "plou"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "pleough"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "plowe"
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{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "plou"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "plōh"
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"expansion": "Old English plōh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*plōg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *plōg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*plōgaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *plōgaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English plōh, from Proto-West Germanic *plōg, from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ploughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ploug",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "plouh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "plogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "plog",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ploh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ploch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "plugh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "pleugh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "plue",
"tags": [
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"expansion": "plough",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "plough (plural ploughs)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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35
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],
"english": "Some apply themselves to the plough; [they] very rarely played, / but worked so hard in planting and sowing, / and obtained what idlers squander through gluttony.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 1, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "Some putten hem to þe plouȝ. pleıden ful selde / In settynge and sowynge. swonken ful harde. / And wonnen þat waſtours. wᵗ glotonẏe deſtruẏeþ.",
"translation": "Some apply themselves to the plough; [they] very rarely played, / but worked so hard in planting and sowing, / and obtained what idlers squander through gluttony.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-plough-enm-noun-i2-BxlwZ",
"links": [
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]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pluːx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ploːx/",
"note": "Early Middle English, Lancashire, or southwest Northern"
},
{
"ipa": "/plyːx/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "plough"
}
{
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"word": "plough"
},
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "plow"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "pleuch"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "plou"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "pleough"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "plowe"
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"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "plou"
}
],
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{
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},
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{
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"3": "*plōgaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *plōgaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English plōh, from Proto-West Germanic *plōg, from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ploughs",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "ploch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "plugh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "pleugh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "plue",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
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"form": "pleu",
"tags": [
"alternative",
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]
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"expansion": "plough",
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"args": {},
"expansion": "plough (plural ploughs)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"english": "Some apply themselves to the plough; [they] very rarely played, / but worked so hard in planting and sowing, / and obtained what idlers squander through gluttony.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 1, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "Some putten hem to þe plouȝ. pleıden ful selde / In settynge and sowynge. swonken ful harde. / And wonnen þat waſtours. wᵗ glotonẏe deſtruẏeþ.",
"translation": "Some apply themselves to the plough; [they] very rarely played, / but worked so hard in planting and sowing, / and obtained what idlers squander through gluttony.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plow"
],
"links": [
[
"plow",
"plow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pluːx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ploːx/",
"note": "Early Middle English, Lancashire, or southwest Northern"
},
{
"ipa": "/plyːx/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "plough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plough meaning in Middle English (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.